EMD GP60 Historical Operations: A Legacy of Speed and Power

EMD GP60 Historical Operations: A Legacy of Speed and Power



The EMD GP60 is one of the most iconic diesel-electric locomotives produced by Electro-Motive Division (EMD). Built between 1985 and 1992, it was designed for high-speed freight operations and was one of the last locomotives in the legendary GP (General Purpose) series. With its 3,800 horsepower, it quickly became a favorite among railroads looking for a powerful yet fuel-efficient locomotive. In this article, we’ll explore the historical operations of the EMD GP60, including its service with major railroads, its role in freight transportation, and its lasting impact on railroading.

Development and Introduction

By the mid-1980s, railroads needed a fast, high-horsepower, four-axle locomotive to replace older GP units and handle intermodal freight trains. EMD responded with the GP60, powered by the advanced EMD 16-710G3A engine, capable of producing 3,800 horsepower. This locomotive was designed to be more fuel-efficient, lighter, and faster than its predecessors, making it an ideal choice for priority freight services.

Key Features of the GP60:

  • Engine: EMD 16-710G3A (V16, turbocharged)
  • Horsepower: 3,800 hp (2,800 kW)
  • Maximum Speed: 70 mph (113 km/h)
  • Starting Tractive Effort: 92,000 lbf (409 kN)
  • Weight: 283,000 lbs (128,370 kg)

Major Railroads Operating the GP60

Several railroads invested in the GP60 due to its speed and efficiency. Some of the most notable operators included:

1. Santa Fe Railway (Now BNSF Railway)

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (ATSF) was one of the largest buyers of the GP60, using it primarily for intermodal and high-speed freight services. Santa Fe ordered three different variations:

  • GP60: Standard cab version
  • GP60M: Wide-nose "safety cab" version (for improved crew protection)
  • GP60B: Cabless booster unit (operated in sets with GP60Ms)

Santa Fe’s GP60M and GP60B units became legendary among railfans, as they were often seen leading fast freight trains across the western U.S. After the BNSF Railway merger in 1995, many GP60s remained in service.

2. Southern Pacific (Now Union Pacific)

Southern Pacific (SP) also purchased GP60 locomotives for their priority freight trains. These units were often seen hauling intermodal and automotive shipments across the deserts of California and the mountains of Oregon. When Union Pacific (UP) acquired Southern Pacific in 1996, many GP60s were repainted in UP yellow and gray.

3. Norfolk Southern

Norfolk Southern (NS) opted for a fleet of GP60s to handle high-speed, time-sensitive freight in the eastern U.S. Unlike Santa Fe, NS only ordered standard-cab GP60s. Today, some of these locomotives continue to operate in NS’s local and regional freight service.

Operational History and Legacy

The GP60 played a crucial role in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when railroads were transitioning to more powerful locomotives for fast freight services. It was one of the last four-axle locomotives built in large numbers before railroads shifted to six-axle locomotives like the SD70 series.

Even though the GP60 was gradually replaced on mainlines by newer, more powerful locomotives, many are still active today. Some have been sold to shortline railroads, regional operators, and leasing companies, while others have been rebuilt for modern service.

Current Uses of the GP60:

  • BNSF and Union Pacific still use some GP60s for local and yard switching duties.
  • Norfolk Southern has assigned many GP60s to branch line service.
  • Shortline railroads have purchased former Class I GP60s for continued freight use.
  • Some preserved units can be seen at railroad museums.

Conclusion

The EMD GP60 remains a significant part of railroad history, known for its speed, power, and reliability. From hauling high-priority intermodal trains in the 1980s to serving shortlines and local freight operations today, the GP60 has proven its durability. Railfans and historians continue to admire this locomotive for its role in shaping modern rail freight transportation.

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